Colorado River (4580 words) Essay Example For Students

Colorado River (4580 words) Essay Colorado RiverGeographers can disclose to you that the one thing that most streams and their adjacentflood fields on the planet share practically speaking is that they have rich historiesassociated with human settlement and advancement. This particularly evident in aridregions which are extremely reliant upon water. Two amazing models are the Nileand the Tigris-Euphrates waterways which show utilize the connection between riversand centralizations of individuals. Notwithstanding, the Colorado River isn't such a goodexample along most portions of its course. There is no consistent transportationsystem that matches the streams course, and settlements are bunched. Therugged landscape and dug in waterway channels are the significant explanations behind sparsehuman settlement. We ask ourselves, did the Colorado River help or hindersettlement in the Western United States? As pilgrims moved westbound, theSouthwest was viewed as a spot to stay away from. Barely any thought of it as a spot to traverse, to spread Christianity, and a potential wellspring of hides or mineralwealth. Finding a dependable or available water source, and lumber for buildingwas hard to track down. There was an absence of land that could be watered without any problem. By the turn of the century, most present day urban areas and towns were alreadyestablished. Trails, streets, and railways connected a few territories with neighboringregions. In spite of the fact that the Colorado River waste framework was as yet not coordinated. In the mid 1900s numerous dams had been worked to saddle and utilize the water. A newphase of improvement happened toward the finish of the subsequent World War. There was alarge accentuation on entertainment, the travel industry, and natural protection. Theterrain of the Colorado River is novel. It comprises of Wet Upper Slopes,Irregular Transition Plains and Hills, Deep Canyonlands, and the Dry LowerPlains. Wet Upper Slopes: Consist of various streams that feed into theColorado River from stream cut gulches, little level stunned valleys oftenoccupied by snow capped lakes and contiguous steep walled mountain tops. These areasare vigorously forested and contain quickly streaming streams, rapids, andwaterfalls. These regions have minimal business esteem aside from as watershed,wildlife territory, woodland land, and goals for explorers, anglers, andmountaineers. Sporadic Transition Plains and Hills: These territories are favorablefor conventional monetary turn of events. It comprises o f stream valleys with adequateflat land to help homesteads and farms. Because of the moving slopes, low plateaus,and mountain inclines, domesticated animals brushing is normal. The biggest urban areas of thewhole seepage framework are found here. Profound Canyonlands: Definitely the mostspectacular and least created region along the Colorado River. These profound gorgesare essentially secured by flat layers of sedimentary rocks, of which sandstone is the most bountiful. The Grand Canyon doesn't just show spectacularbeauty, however various different highlights, for example, plateaus, buttes, towers, balancingrocks, normal curves and extensions, sand hills, monstrous sandstone dividers, andpottholed bluffs. Dry Lower Plains: These comprise of the bone-dry desert regions. These zones experience blistering summers and mellow winters. Early settlement was limitedbecause a large portion of the land close to the stream was not appropriate for irrigationagriculture. The territory is described by restricted level land, helpless soils, poordrainage, and excessively hot of conditions for most conventional yields. The ColoradoRiver was first explored by John Wesley Powell, in his 1869 investigation throughthe Marble and Grand Canyons. The Colorado River starts high in the ColoradoRocky Mountains. The water starts from softening day off downpour, and is thensupplemented by the Gunnison, Green, San Juan, Little Colorado, Virgin, and GilaRivers. Before any dams were manufactured, the Colorado River conveyed 380,000 milliontons of sediment to the Sea of Cortez. Along its way, it cuts out the Marble,Grand, Black, Boulder, and Topok Canyons. The Grand Canyon being the mostpopular, which is visited by various voyagers consistently, assumes an enormous job inwestern t he travel industry. The Grand Canyon is in certainty one of the Worlds Seven Wonders. The Colorado Basin covers 240,000 square miles of waste region. At certainpoints along the stream, it transforms into a seething, sloppy, quick secured mass ofwater. In contrast to different waterways, the Colorado River doesnt meet the sea in agrand way, but instead in a little stream. Practically the entirety of the water that passesdown the waterway is represented. It goes through seven Western States, travels1,700 miles, and drops in excess of 14,000 feet before discharging into the sea,with more sediment and saltiness than any waterway in North America. A waterway not usedfor trade, or any level of route other than recreational, and virtuallyignored until the turn of the century. The Colorado River is the most foughtover, contested, and enacted stream in the United States. The upper Coloradopasses through sloping, less populated nation. It has seen less problemsthat the lower Colorado. The lower Colorado, which goes through gorge andarid desert, serves a progressively populated territory. It has been an enormous source ofarguments for the province of California and encompassing zones since the early1900s. The primary task on the Colorado River was the Alamo River Projectnear Yuma, Arizona. Residue from the upper stream was moved and depositeddown waterway. It raised the stream bed so the waterway was higher than the surroundingland, making water simple to occupy for water system. The Alamo Canal redirected waterfrom the Colorado River to the Alamo River, and voyaged 60 miles through Mexicoacross the Mexicali desert to the Salton Sink, a downturn in the ImperialValley. For this, Mexico got the option to take a large portion of the water from thecanal, the rest went to the Imperial Valley. In spite of the fact that it might have appeared aneasy approach to redirect the water, the Alamo Canal was no counterpart for the untamedColorado River. In 1905 a progression of floods penetrated the admission and overflowed theImperial Valley, settling in the Salton Sea. After colossal sums ofmanpower and cash, the stream was come back to its unique way. This disasteralarmed the landowners of the valley. The Imperial Irrigation District ofSouthern California was the biggest single client of Colorado River water. Theycampaigned for an All-American Canal. One that would occupy the waterway above theMexican outskirt and leave the Mexicali desert with what they didnt use. This wasmet with much resistance from the biggest landowner in the Mexican desert, asyndicate of well off Los Angeles agents, headed by Harry Chandler of theLos Angeles Times. The Imperial Valley landowners got support from the Cityof Los Angeles. The city was developing quickly and the requirement for future electricpower was a significant concern. Water specialists upheld a dam on the Colorado. Without this dam, the All-American Canal would be at risk for penetrating andflooding. The two powers joined to work for a Dam in Boulder Canyon on theColorado River. In Salt Lake City in January 1919, agents from theseven states that have tributaries exhausting into the Colorado River met. The water should initially be caught and utilized while it is youthful, for then itcan be recovered as it comes back from the presentation of its obligations and accordingly beused again and again .(1) On Nov. 24, 1922, the seven states signedthe Colorado River Compact. This agreement isolated the waters into 2 bowl areas,separated at Lees Ferry, at the top of the Grand Canyon. The Upper statesincluded Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. The Lower states includedArizona, California and Nevada. Every zone got 7.5 million section of land feet ofwater, with the lower bowl getting an additional 1 million section of land feet yearly fromits tributaries. The allotment of stream water depended on a yearly stream atLees Ferry of 16.5 million section of land feet. This was later seen as off base anddid not consider the waterways dry years. A progressively precise stream is 13.5million section of land feet every year. What's more, any water given to Mexico byinternational arrangement would be provided first from the overflow over the complete of16 million section of land feet, and if this was not adequate, the inadequacy would beshared similarly by the two bowls. The agreement was that the waterway and itstributaries were American (244,000 sq. miles) starting in the United States,very little of the Colorado River was in Mexico (2,000 sq. miles), and thereforethey merited practically nothing. Herbert Hoover expressed, We don't trust they(Mexicans) ever had any rights. The Indian clans along the stream weretreated a similar way. Hoover embedded what was known as the Wild Indian Article,nothing in this reduced will be interpreted as influencing the commitments ofthe United States of America to Indian clans. (2) Its undeniable that thenative Mexicans and Indians were being denied of what initially had a place tothem. The demeanor of Herbert Hoover left the neighborhood people groups with a taste ofresentment. The Colorado River Pact didn't allocate water to individualsta tes. Arizona would not sanction the settlement, feeling that California was takingall the water given to the lower bowl. Arizona contributed 3 significant rivers,about 2 to 3 million section of land feet, to the Colorado. California ranchers would be thelargest single clients of the water, yet would contribute nothing. Californiafinally consented to certain concessions. All the waters of the Gila River in Arizonawould go to Arizona, and be absolved from the Mexican Treaty. California alsoagreed to allot 0.3 million section of land feet of water to Nevada, 4.4 million acrefeet and 1/2 of the overflow to California, 2.8 million section of land feet to Arizona andthe other 1/2 of the excess. Arizona was as yet not fulfilled. The contention wenton for quite a long time, with Congress at last passing the Boulder Canyon Act in 1928without Arizonas endorsement. The Boulder Canyon Act of 1928 approved theconstruction of a hydro-electric plant at Black Canyon. The expense to be off-setby the selling of electric control over an aggregate of 50 years. All force privilegesat

Micro Business Economics Philip Morris

Question: Examine about the Micro Business Economics by Philip Morris. Answer: (1) Cigarette Advertising The benefit (result) of Philip Morris = $1 * 4 billion * [AP/(AP + AR)] AP The benefit (result) of R. J. Reynolds = $1 * 4 billion * [AR/(AP + AR)] AR There are 4 degrees of promoting: $200 million, $400 million, $600 million and $800 million. (a) The result lattice for this promoting game is: Reynolds Philip $200 million $400 million $600 million $800 million $200 million 1800 , 1800 1133.3 , 2266.7 800 , 2400 600 , 2400 $400 million 2266.67 , 1133.33 1600 , 1600 1200 , 1800 933.33 , 1866.67 $600 million 2400 , 800 1800 , 1200 1400 , 1400 1114.29 , 1485.71 $800 million 2400 , 600 1866.67 , 933.33 1485.71 , 1114.29 1200 , 1200 In the result lattice, the principal segment of every cell speaks to the result of Philip Morris and the subsequent part speaks to the result of R.J. Reynolds. The adjustments are as far as million dollars. (Varian, 2009) (b) There is just a single Nash equilibria in the promoting game. It is when both Philip Morris and R.J. Reynolds are burning through $800 million dollar each on promoting. It is the main result which is commonly advantageous to both and is subsequently Nash equilibria. The result to each is $1200 million under the Nash Equilibria. (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2009) (c) When it gets infeasible for the cigarette organizations to burn through $800 million on publicizing because of the administration boycott, the most extreme promoting cost will be $600 million. The subsequent result lattice is appeared as follows: Reynolds Philip $200 million $400 million $600 million $200 million 1800 , 1800 1133.3 , 2266.7 800 , 2400 $400 million 2266.67 , 1133.33 1600 , 1600 1200 , 1800 $600 million 2400 , 800 1800 , 1200 1400 , 1400 The Nash harmony in the new publicizing game is created when both Philip Morris and R.J Reynolds burn through $600 million on promoting. The result to each will be $1400 million. (Varian, 2009) Under the boycott, the result of both Philip Morris and R.J Reynold is $1400 million. Henceforth, their result is expanding because of the boycott. In this manner, they are both happier from the boycott. References: Pindyck, R. what's more, Rubinfeld, D. (2009). Micreconomics. seventh ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Varian, H. (2009). Middle of the road Microeconomics: A Modern Approach. eighth ed. New York: W. W. Norton Company.

Em Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Em - Essay Example This paper looks to investigate this idea of passionate work with explicit reference to the investigations of Arlie Hochschild and Sara Jaffe. Following conversation will likewise examine some significant ways by which passionate work influences laborers and the importance of this idea in the current business condition. Controlling individual issues to show the correct feelings for clients shapes the bedrock of passionate work. This idea was first presented by Hochschild in her book â€Å"The Managed Heart.† As the name of her book suggests, enthusiastic work is tied in with overseeing heart and not allowing individual feelings to blast at the creases before a client. Hindering inward sentiments and adjusting to an outer perfect to extend a superior picture about association is passionate work. Some help businesses expect workers to treat clients pleasantly paying little mind to anyway inconsiderate or absurd the client is being. For this situation particularly when a worker is not feeling admirably yet at the same time endeavoring to be pleasant, inconsiderate clients can promptly compound the situation. Research proposes that being compelled to oversee feelings in such intense circumstances can come full circle in work pressure. Such laborers can get exceptionally segregated from their genu ine self and may likewise encounter burnout thus. Hochschild herself tends to this troubling issue by guaranteeing that â€Å"the specialist can get repelled or distanced from a part of self† (Hochschild 7). Jaffe is her article likewise brings up that enthusiastic work makes female representatives impeded in a work environment. Rather than profiting them altogether, the generosity or caring gave by ladies in care fields is taken for shortcoming. This sort of pattern adds to abuse of caring female representatives (Harvey refered to in Jaffe). Ladies are all around expected to show more prominent degree of care for other people and carry on progressively benevolent. They are required to be agreeable and dismiss their own issues.

KFC Marketing Strategies

KFC Marketing Strategies Presentation Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is a world known chain of drive-thru eateries based the United States. It’s the world’s most famous chain of eateries that sells chicken pieces in an assortment of forms.The organization gets in excess of 12 million clients for every day in its different cafés situated in 109 nations on the planet. Harland Sanders is the individual accepted to have thought of this formula the greater part a century back. The participation is a piece of the world’s biggest café, Yum! Brands Inc.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on KFC Marketing Strategies explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evolution of systems utilized by KFC Over the years, KFC has utilized various business methodologies that have empowered them to advance from an exclusive business to a multi-billion dollar venture. One of the abilities that it previously used was guaranteeing that one’s aptitudes and information is significant . The accomplishment of a business is extraordinarily influenced by the degree of ability the organization acquires. clearly the higher the degree of aptitudes and mastery, the more noteworthy the capability of business achievement. It is prudent that individuals set up organizations dependent on their own arrangement of aptitudes and subject matters simply like the originator of KFC, Colonel Harland Sanders. His insight and skill in planning chicken suppers added to the achievement and development of (KFC Business Strategies 2011). Another technique that was embraced was the methodology of accomplishing uniqueness. Having the option to be separate from different contenders goes far into improving the development pace of any business. This is just accomplished by doing things any other way. It is along these lines exhorted that the business person skims the market first so as to build up what they could do that is not the same as their rivals and it additionally must be speaking to their clients. The manner in which items are created, bundled, conveyed, or even help conveyance to the client must be one of a kind and not quite the same as different contenders. KFC thought of the weight singed chicken which set them apart from other chicken cafés. It likewise incorporated an extraordinary mix of plans and herbs that made their chicken taste unique in relation to the others. Sanders turned out to be mainstream in the 1930’s for utilizing this procedure. Constancy and center is another technique that KFC received when it began its business. Toward the beginning of each business it is never an assurance that the business will be a triumph. It might require some investment for the deals to go up and on occasion the business may even experience a misfortune. Industriousness and concentrating on what works and what doesn’t guarantees that over the long haul the business turns into a triumph. Colonel Sanders lost his business at 65 years old however re-m anufactured it in ten years. This saw him opening a sum of 600 establishments which saw him win around $300, 000 preceding tax.Advertising Looking for report on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bringing in specialists into your business is a decent method of guaranteeing that the business keeps on building and develop. The specialists can be accomplices or workers; in any case, they are the most notable individuals who will structure the business into frameworks that will outlast even the organizer of the business. In 1964, KFC permitted proficient directors to assume control over the business. This saw the business develop from a small time business to multi-billion dollar franchise.It even ventured into the worldwide market and set up its outlets in different outside nations. They accepted that their items had a decent market in different states other than the United States. This, yet additionally the creation rate when contrasted with the shoppers rate was productive and they had practically no opposition. Amusingly, by 1992, KFC was gathering more income from the remote markets than it was gathering from the United States. Push and pull system utilized by KFC The push and pull procedure is generally effective if a maker needs to flexibly their stock to stores and simultaneously make an interest gracefully for their items. This is especially viable for a business that is as yet beginning. The push methodology is whereby the maker of the merchandise needs to buckle down so as to appropriate their items to retailers and wholesalers. Quick moving shopper merchandise can work adequately well for the push technique whereby the clients are prepared to settle on buying choices. The maker can draw in the retailers in advancement systems, for example, up close and personal selling and urging them to stock the item (Kotler Armstrong 2010). When the item has increased a decent client b ase, the item can sell itself and the draw methodology would then be able to be in coordinated. The force system is whereby the item has picked up notoriety and the buyer is effectively looking for this item. The interest for the item is high to such an extent that retailers are making orders in order to stock their racks and flexibly the client with the item. This must be made conceivable through promoting with the goal that the brand is obvious to the shoppers just as to the retailers. The draw technique exploits the flexibly request chain whereby the retailers will just stock merchandise that the shopper is keen on purchasing (Lamb, Hair McDaniel 2008). KFC has generally used the push and pull methodology whereby it has figured out how to draw clients towards their items. It is well known for its organization jingle, ‘finger licking good’. They use it to make an effect on their clients and advise them regarding the item that they are selling. In their promotions, the y show individual eating up a bit of chicken and this thusly makes the client want to have a bit of the KFC chicken. Publicizing is a decent method of guaranteeing that their clients are continually helped to remember how great their ‘finger licking’ chicken is. Coupons, amusement, premiums and presentations, have all been used by KFC to improve their deals. The organization has thought of different motivating forces that pull in its clients to purchase their different chicken products.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on KFC Marketing Strategies explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example it offers free suppers to the clients after the client has gone through a specific measure of cash purchasing their items. A coupon is given to the client who thusly will utilize it to get their free feast. They additionally offer free dinner vouchers utilizing the print media whereby the client removes the voucher and goes to one of their outlets to gather their suppers. The 7 p’s of advertising The seven P’s were created as a procedure that guides to ceaselessly assess and rethink business exercises. The seven P’s recipe comprises of: item, individuals, value, advancement, spot, bundling, and situating. They help to guarantee that a business is on target and is accomplishing the most extreme outcomes workable for today’s commercial center (Stephenson Thurman 2007). The item should be assessed with the eyes of an untouchable. This should be possible by acting like an outside advertising specialist got to assess of the business is going towards the correct bearing. The organization chain of eateries has practical experience in singed chicken served in an assortment of structures. It’s notable for its weight seared and fresh chicken. KFC has figured out how to fan out globally and sell its items as indicated by the land needs of the clients. For example, they have understood that the client needs in North India are not quite the same as those in the south. Those in the north like to eat the chicken things while those in the south like to eat veggie lover things. They have in this way figured out how to decide the land request of their things. Also, it has figured out how to isolate its client base into various gatherings utilizing a segment premise. For example, it has separated the gatherings as indicated by sexual orientation, family size, age gathering, and so on. Thusly, they have had the option to recognize the necessities of the different gatherings and in this way give them items that will fulfill them. They have additionally isolated their client base into psychographic portions. This is a division dependent on social class, character, or even way of life. These different classifications of individuals have various requests and in this way KFC has figured out how to disseminate items that provide food for every one of their needs. It is essential to consider th e area of one’s business and along these lines this prompts the second P which is situating. The area of a business legitimately influences its deals. What's more, a business person should comprehend what the purchasers think about their items on the ground.Advertising Searching for report on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More What is their situation on the item as far as its quality, and the administrations that are given to them? KFC has put it all on the line by doing their statistical surveying and building up what the customer needs and what upgrades can be made on their items. So as to fulfill their clients and improve their situation in their customers’ psyches and hearts, KFC produces the freshest and most perfect food. This gets the clients speaking emphatically about their items and administrations to others. Estimating, which is the third P in the seven P’s, ought to be assessed and reexamined from time to time. The business visionary ought to guarantee that the costs are perfect for the present market circumstance. It is exhorted that the costs ought to be straightened out once in a while to suit the customers’ needs and the market estimating. This along these lines requires an expansion and a lessening in the costs. The business visionary ought to consider blending up

Are You Looking For Christmas Tree Writing Paper?

Are You Looking For Christmas Tree Writing Paper?Christmas tree writing paper is the most common writing supplies that are used for writing on Christmas tree. There are many other varieties of writing paper but the Christmas tree writing paper is widely used as the standard.There are lots of advantages of using writing paper. First advantage is that it allows you to write on Christmas tree without much difficulty and thus you can make your Christmas tree attractive and beautiful.The second benefit of using writing paper is that it helps you to express yourself freely. You can use any kind of writing paper for writing on Christmas tree. Nowadays, there are many different kinds of writing paper available in the market. You can choose the writing paper according to your writing skill and experience.Besides, there are lots of advantages of using Christmas tree writing paper. First advantage is that you can easily put your thoughts and ideas. In addition, you can write on any part of the tree including the letters of Christmas.The writing paper comes in variety of sizes. Therefore, you can easily use any size of writing paper for writing on Christmas tree.Next, you can write on Christmas tree in any style according to your taste and ability. Nowadays, there are many magazines available in the market that provide written samples of various styles of Christmas tree writing.Moreover, Christmas writing papers are available in various colors and styles. Therefore, you can easily choose the style according to your style and taste.This Christmas, you can write on Christmas tree with ease. So, now you can easily write on Christmas tree and have your creative ideas.

English Language Arts Choice Board Middle School Short Stories

English Language Arts Choice Board Middle School Short Stories This resource contains three different choice boards that align with “All Summer in a Day” by Ray Bradbury, “The Fun They Had” by Isaac Asimov, and “The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell. Each of the choice boards includes various multiple intelligence opportunities for students to show true knowledge through differentiated assessment. It is suggested that teachers who are using these resources pair these activities with pre-assessments that pertain to social-emotional aspects of student learning, text-dependent questions that allow students to analyze literary elements, word choice, and theme/central idea. These resources should be used as a summative assessment at the end of the reading. In preparation for state testing, teachers could also create rigorous multiple-choice/select items that pertain to each short story and blend that type of assessment with the inclusion of a choice board. For example, the assessment that the classroom teacher would give would have 2 parts: multiple-choice/select questions, then a choice board for students to further prove their knowledge of the text.

An Analysis of Texas Veto Bill. No. 217 Of 2013 - 275 Words

An Analysis of Texas Veto Bill. No. 217 Of 2013 (Essay Sample) Content: Name: Institution: Course: Date: An Analysis of Texas Veto Bill. No. 217 Of 2013 The governors line item veto is the power of the governor to cancel (nullify) a bill or some of its specific provisions. A  bill should be passed by both houses before it is  forwarded to the governor so that it can approve or reject it. The rejection is what is referred to as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"veto.' A bill that is approved by the governor becomes a law (Republican Governors Association (RGA) Press Conference, paragraph 2). If  the governor fails to approve or reject a bill within the timeframe given, the bill will automatically become law. A governor can veto whole or part of the bill. The parts that are not vetoed will become law. Governors' veto bills due to different reasons. For instance, the governor may veto a bill which he/she thinks has not be debated and analyzed by the houses. The bill that was voted for by members who have interests in the motives of the bill may also be vetoed. A bill that is contrary to the public policy is also subject to a veto by the governor. According to /legis/vetoes/, it appears that governor Rick Perry has vetoed many bills in the history of Texas. As of 2011, Rick Perry had used veto 273 times. He is the most successful governor. On the other hand, J. Pinckney Henderson vetoed the least number of bills (Governor Vetoes Major Changes to Texas Enterprise Zone Program, paragraph 2). Body The veto that I chose relates to the types of drinks and beverages that could be made available to public students i.e. bill HB 217 which was vetoed by Governor Rick Perry in 2013. The governor signed, and the seal of the state was affixed on the 14th day of June 2013. An analysis of this veto is relevant for a number of reasons. It is one of the most recent bills to be vetoed in the USA and has elicited mixed reactions from different individuals. I also found it worthy to study it because it concerns itself with issues that face students in the campuses. The Bill This bill (HB 217) was intended to facilitate the sale of certain beverages in learning institutions which include public elementary, middle and junior high schools. If this bill had been approved, the learning institutions listed above could have only been allowed to provide drinks which contain water and no sweeteners, milk with one percent or less fat content, fluid milk substitutions that are allowed by the department of agriculture and beverages that are purely made from fruits and vegetables. According to the proponents of the bill, there was no intention to harm the beverage industry in any way since the products were only targeted for learners in schools. It was a health initiative that could boost the health statuses of learners. There was also a guide on how the application of the requirements could have been approached. It was disclosed that the requirement on the kind of beverage to sell could not be applied in the following occasions: When schools were not in session, before the commencement of breakfast periods and after the completion of the last class. Sale of beverages to high school students on school campuses where the high schools are co-located with middle, elementary or junior high schools could not be affected by the law. The passage of bill number 217b did not take long. It was introduced in the house on 26th November 2012 and on 10th May 2013, it passed the house. It passed the senate on 21st May 2013 before it was signed. The subjects that could have been affected by the bill were Agriculture, Education and Minors. The bill was voted for overwhelmingly in both houses. Nine members of the house committee on health voted for it while no member was against it. Two members of the committee were absent. The committee on  education also voted for the bill overwhelmingly where 8 members approved the bill. There were zero nays, but one member of the committee was absent. Considering that this bill had been voted for by both houses, it was an expectation that the governor would approve it. Since it had fulfilled all conditions, it was sent to the governor for approval on 23rd May 2013. The governor's reason for vetoing the bill is available. The governor explained that even though the bill was intended to better the health of young people in Texas, the bill was unreasonable because it superseded what the law in place stipulated. The governor took his time to explain what the Texas Public School Nutrition Policy advocates. The Nutrition policy was enforced so as to ensure that unnecessary and unhealthy access to high sugar/calorie products such as beverages are controlled because the affects the wellness of students in a negative way. The governor further explained that by approving House Bill 217, it will become a challenge to access common beverages such as the 2% milk. Veto Override The governor's veto can be overridden provided that the constitutional procedure is followed. The overriding of a veto demands action by both houses. Before a bill can be overridden, it has to be reconsidered in the house where the speaker is expected to lay the message about overriding the veto before the house. The veto message is read, and it is entered in the House Journal. The house then debates on veto override. Normally, the chair of the committee with the jurisdiction over the vetoed bill is formed and is recognized by the speaker. Voting is then conducted, and if two thirds of the members present approve, the next step is taken. The constitution recommends the vote by the yes and nays. A successful override of the veto that originated from the senate is passed into law (2013 Texas Legislative Session Update). However, a successful override of a veto that originates from the house is sent to the senate for further action. Once sent to the senate, the senate may decide to reconsider the bill. Senators normally agree by unanimous consent. Senators are also expected to debate and vote for the veto. A successful override should receive more than two-thirds of the votes from the senate. Conclusion The veto will impact the public in different ways. Because the main reason why the bill was proposed was to improve the health conditions of young people who enjoy sugary foods, it is evident that the veto will subject the young people to adverse effects of sugar and sugary beverages. I will base my argument to the reactions that was given by different personalities in Texas and other parts of USA. Carol Alvarado argues that the bill came as a compromise between those who manufacture beverages as well as the medical community that have the power and resources to reduce cases of obesity in the country. As a result, the veto has given more responsibility to parents to watch and control what their kids consume. The representative explained that obesity has become costly in Texas, and the bill could have reduced such costs by a huge margin. Carol revealed that a whopping $9.5 million was spent on obesity in 2009 alone. He further explained that the cost will rise and perhaps the health condition may get out of hand in the near future. ...

Julius Caesar And Abraham Lincoln - 716 Words

Julius Caesar and Abraham Lincoln are some of the greatest men in history. Caesar and Lincoln were two very different men in two very different eras in history. Caesar ruled during the Great Roman Empire and Lincoln ruled during the United States’ bloody Civil War. Though they were so different and separated by so many centuries, Caesar and Lincoln also had many similarities. Gaius Julius Caesar was born on July 12, 100 BC in Rome as the son of Gaius Caesar and Aurelia. He was of noble and patrician roots. He was also a Roman statesmen and general. He is often remembered as one of the greatest military minds in history. Because of him the Roman Republic became the powerful Roman Empire by significantly expanding the already vast empire and initiating its imperial system through a succession of battles across Europe. He successfully conquered Gaul (France) and he invaded Britain twice (55 BC and 54 BC). His achievements and power were so remarkable that other languages have words meaning â€Å"ruler† derived from his name. For example â€Å"Kaiser† in German and â€Å"czar† in Russia. Caesar even got his own month. Quintilis, the month in which Caesar was born, was renamed Julius (July) in his honor. Even with all that Caesar was only a Roman dictator. In 44 B.C. conspirators, claiming they feared Julius Caesar was aiming to become king, assassinated Caesar on the Ides of March. Lincoln, on the other hand, had more humble beginnings. Born on February 12, 1809, he was the second childShow MoreRelatedAssassinations : Assassinations And Assassinations854 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical empires of the world. From the stabbing of the Julius Caesar to the shooting of Mahatma Gandhi I am going to give a detailed visit to the history of assassinations throughout the world. In referring to the history of the assassinations we first need to consider a case of assassination in the Roman Empire. Assassinations were used as a crude method in the past to ascend to power and many plots were often carried out. Julius Caesar was one of the three leaders of the Roman Empire. When theRead MoreEssay on Immorality of Assassinating Political Leaders697 Words   |  3 Pagesbecause it goes against our legal system. Abraham Lincoln survived many crises as our leader such as creating American goals and facing the worst war in U.S. history by ending slavery while the United States was split in a civil war are just a few of his strong challenges. â€Å"At 10:22pm, a shot rang through the crowded Ford Theater. Booth, one of the best known actors of the day, had shot the president from the rear of the presidential box† (Holzer). Abraham Lincoln’s assassination is an example ofRead More The Emporer Caesar Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe Emporer Caesar The Emperor Julius Caesar is perhaps most famous as the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity. His rise from a humble birth as a peasant boy to Emperor is a tale of bravery, adversity and ultimately triumph through faith. Julius Caesar was born as Groyxo Gaul in 54BC into an immigrant family in the back streets of Rome. Neither parent was rich. The German historian Guildo Horn noted: â€Å"Seine Mutter war ein Hamster und sein Vater, der von den Holunderbeeren gerochenRead MoreKilling Lincoln Is Acclaimed As `` Shocking, And A Historical Thriller1115 Words   |  5 PagesEssay Killing Lincoln is acclaimed as â€Å"shocking† and a â€Å"historical thriller.† It makes the reader question, â€Å"Is it really true?† with every turning page. Bill O’Reilly claims that everything mentioned is true and â€Å"unsanitized,† so a whole new story is opened to the audience, such as Booth being funded by the Confederate states and the Booth family being closely related to the Lincoln family. However, if everything is true, the question still remains: What is the most significant truth? Many peopleRead MoreThe Assassination Of The War And Formation Of Civil Rights1550 Words   |  7 Pagesespecially when key personalities such as heads of states are the victims. In this essay, we shall discuss some of the major assassinations which occurred in history. These personalities include John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Abraham Lincoln, Julius Caesar and Robert F. Kennedy. John Fitzgerald Kennedy At the time of his assassination on November 22nd 1963, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th sitting President of the United States. During his Presidency, many events did occur includingRead Moreis Brutus justified to kill JC1039 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Brutus argued that Caesar should be killed because he was quickly gaining power. They were afraid that this power would corrupt him and lead him to do future harms. Brutus even believed that Caesar at the time of his death had not done anything to warrant his death. Although Brutus killed Julius Caesar for the right reason, it is still unjustified to kill an innocent man for what he had not done. Political assassination is justified depending on the circumstances. If the leader is good to theRead MoreCharacter And Theme Analysis : Brutus And Nobility773 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter/ Theme Analysis 06 October 2017 Brutus and Nobility Throughout history, many noble people have lived. From this group, a vast number of these people have suffered very greatly. Few examples of these cases are Abraham Lincoln and Mahatma Gandhi. Similarly, in Julius Caesar, by William Shakespeare, the theme that noble men’s intentions can lead to the most dire consequences is developed through the character Brutus. Brutus’s noble character is developed not only by himself, but by others asRead MoreKilling Lincoln By Bill O Reilly And Martin Dugard1609 Words   |  7 PagesKilling Lincoln by Bill O Reilly and Martin Dugard is a book that captures the days leading up to and surrounding President Abraham Lincoln’s death. The purpose of this book is to give the reader insight about anything relating to President Abraham Lincoln in his final days. Bill O’Reilly hosts his own news television show called â€Å"The O’Reilly Factor† which is aired on the Fox News Channel where he talks about political issues. He has written many other books with Dugard like Killing Kenn edy: TheRead MoreEssay about Abraham Lincoln as a Dangerous Speaker2476 Words   |  10 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people remember President Abraham Lincoln as being a very gifted orator as well as a dignified leader of our country. Through his many speeches and writings, Abraham Lincoln captivated American minds and gained millions of followers. In Lincolns Perpetuation speech, given before the Young Mens Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois, in 1838, Lincoln himself stated that our country was in great danger. He speaks of people such as Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar and Napoleon and then asks, IsRead MoreLeadership As A Leader And Its Followers Exist1475 Words   |  6 Pagesexample of high emotional intelligence leader is Mr. Abraham Lincoln as Dale Carnegie cites in his book How to Win Friends and Influence People; â€Å"Time after time, during the Civil War, Lincoln put new general at the head of the Army of the Potomac, and each one in turn-McClellan, Pope, Burnside, Hooker, Meade-blundered tragically and drove Lincoln to pacing the floor in despair. Half the nation savagely condemned these incompetent generals, but Lincoln, â€Å"with malice toward none, with charity for all†

Compare and Contrast Two Works of Art - 1638 Words

Anthony Arteaga Art History Ancient World Homework Assignment #1 Compare and contrast the subject, concept, and the Formal Element of the two works of art. Also, explain which category this work falls in. The two pieces I have chosen can be found on page 200, figure 6-51, Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts from Hadrian’s Villa and on page 434, figure 14-8, Battle of the Bird and Serpent. Not only did I choose these pieces for their beauty, but also because both works have similar yet different subjects, concepts, and formal elements. Both of these images have subject matter that is the same even though they’re different. The subjects for the Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts from Hadrian’s Villa are animals; centaurs (male and†¦show more content†¦Also, the shapes in the background are fuzzier and assumed in piece one where the shapes in piece two are sharper and more defined. Another formal element is texture. The first piece, according to the text, is a floor mosaic which is composed of many colored tesserae that were laid down in irregular, curving lines, which effectively imitated painted brushstrokes. The individual tiles are more apparent when viewed closely. This gives the piece a grainy and earthy texture, where it physically looks bumpy. The textbook says it has foreshortening, the illusion created on a flat surface in which figures and objects appear to recede or project sharply into space. The second piece was drawn with tempera on parchment. This makes the piece look smooth, flat, and two dimensional. The next element is color. The hues in both pieces are relative ly earth toned. Both pieces have a low level of saturation. In piece one, the sky is mustard brown with a section of mint green that frames the boulder that the male centaur is holding. The rocky scenery has browns and creams with a dull green and brown center. A bright green patch of pine trees is in the corner that contrasts with the sky and rocks. The colors to the second piece are similar in the sense that it has low saturation. The colors are dull and warm. This piece utilizes reds and oranges, in the serpent, that the first piece does not. Because of the tanShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Two Works of Art Compa Compare and Contrast Two Works of Art1124 Words   |  5 PagesARTW 101 Ââ€" Society and Visual Art University of Redlands Compare and Contrast Two Works Of Art Greek culture is the source from which many of the characteristic elements of Western culture derive. Their explorations and innovations in art have both fascinated and inspired other civilizations for centuries. For this assignment I chose two Greek sculptures viewed at the Getty Museum. The first is Kouros circa 530 B.C. made of Dolomitic marble from Thasos and is approximately 200 cm (80 in)Read MoreCompare and Contrast Two Statuettes917 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: A Compare and Contrast of Two Statuettes A Compare and Contrast of Two Statuettes Mary Karr ART 205 Ââ€" Art Appreciation November 24, 2007 A Compare and Contrast of Two Statuettes I have chosen as the subject of my essay to contrast and compare two female statuettes from ancient cultures. The first is an ancient Egyptian statuette named The Offering Bearer which was discovered about 1920 in the tomb of Meketre in Thebes and appears to have been made around 1985 B.C.E. by anRead MoreEssay on Organizational Climate vs. Organizational Culture 1565 Words   |  7 PagesCompare and contrast organizational (command) climate with organizational culture. Leaders have influence the organizational climate and can change the command culture. However to accomplish that they have to first understand the existing organizational culture within which they are operating. Culture is the behavior characteristic of a particular group. In an organizational setting, leaders have to be mindful of this cultural factors in the context that is sensitive to the different backgroundsRead MoreThe Museum : The Dali Museum1365 Words   |  6 PagesI am looking forward to experiencing more of his paintings other than his most popular works of art. I am also hoping this experience will give me a greater appreciation for him as an artist by seeing the diversity of his works. What I am least looking forward to is trying to find one work of art that really stands out to me enough to write this paper about. I am sure I am going to find multiple pieces of art that I will love. 1. Tieta, Portrait of My Aunt, Cadaquà ©s 2. Salvador Dalà ­ 3. 1923-24Read MoreComparing Frans Snyders Deer Hunting And Frida Kahlo s The Wounded Deer1423 Words   |  6 Pagesme the ability to compare and contrast art, literature, and other mediums as well as being able to analyze works with my own interpretations. I have chosen two paintings to compare and contrast for this essay: Frans Snyders’ Deer Hunting and Frida Kahlo’s The Wounded Deer. Deer Hunting was painted in 1631 in Belgium during the Baroque period. The Wounded Deer was painted in 1946 in Mexico and is a piece of surrealist art. Although these pieces of art were painted during two different time periodsRead MoreCompare and Contrast Greece and Rome1159 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Compare/Contrast Compare/Contrast Greece Rome Compare/Contrast Page 1 â€Å"And what he greatly thought, he nobly dared.† Homer â€Å"Wherever the fates lead us let us follow.† Virgil Not all roads lead to it and it mostRead MoreCompare/Contrast 2 Ancient Sculptures782 Words   |  4 PagesFor this essay I have chosen two sculptures, each from a different culture that I am very fond of, to compare and contrast. The first piece that I chose is an Egyptian sculpture of royalty (picture on the left). This statue represents an eternal existence reflected in its emotionless calm and enduring serenity. In this statue Menkure and His Chief Queen from the Old Kingdom’s 4th Dynasty are depicted; it is thought to have originally stood on the processional causeway leading to Menkure’s pyramidRead MoreA Comparison of Two Paintings from the Renaissance Period Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of Two Paintings from the Renaissance Period Introduction This paper will compare the themes found in the paintings Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist and an Angel by Domenico di Bartolomeo Ubaldini (Puligo) and Madonna Enthroned by Giotto. Both paintings deal with fables from the Christian faith but were executed during different periods in art. The Giotto painting was created around 1310 and the Puglio painting was executed between 1518 Ââ€" 1520. Here, these two paintingsRead MoreEssay about A Comparison of Two Paintings from the Renaissance Period941 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of Two Paintings from the Renaissance Period Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper will compare the themes found in the paintings â€Å"Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist and an Angel† by Domenico di Bartolomeo Ubaldini (Puligo) and â€Å"Madonna Enthroned† by Giotto. Both paintings deal with fables from the Christian faith but were executed during different periods in art. The Giotto painting was created around 1310 and the Puglio painting was executed between 1518 – 1520. Here, these two paintingsRead MoreWriting and Compare-and-contrast Essays1384 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Compare and Contrast This type of writing assignment is common. On a standardized test, you may be asked to analyze literature, evaluate ideas, or make a judgment and explain your reasons. In responding to these types of prompts, you often will compare and contrast characters, concepts, or choices. You will be asked to identify similarities and differences, which are the key to compare-and-contrast essays. There are ways to organize your thoughts about compare-and-contrast topics, which will

Adhd Research Paper - 960 Words

The CDC or Center for Disease Control Prevention has been the top leading expert for over 71 years. They have been researching the cause and effects of many of our illness, one being ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder). This disorder affects nearly 2 million of the 6 million children born each year, these children are between the ages of two and five (CDC, 2017) The website is based as a teaching tool for parents and educators to gain more information. There is no one person who has come up with this information. The information is based on years of the scientific research and testing for them to put together this website. As writers and scientist, they have ensured that everything is the most up to date facts presented in a†¦show more content†¦However, when looking at the French’s website their logos are based on customs, discipline, crying it out methods and strict regimes to ensure children do not get this disorder. While these are great facts there is Aaron T. Mattified, a neuroscientist, who believes that even though all the research shows that this disorder is genetic that there is still a cure, all we need to do is repair the synchrony pattern. Dan T.A Eisenberg did the latest research that states that a child that is born with a 4-receptor called DRD47R (or a genetic abnormality) which is directly linked to the cause of ADHD (Friedman, Richard 2014). He too believes that there can be a fix for it, but it is still in the research stage. Even though each website has different views based on logic and credibility, readers tend to pay attention to the pathos, or emotional response. Pathos is a little subtler when it comes to reading something. Pathos is the emotional aspect of the article or document, believe it or not, everything is supposed to incite an emotional response. The CDC plays with our emotions of empathy, sadness, and concern by lining their page with images of young children and ads for other articles that state: â€Å"2 million of the more than 6 million children with ADHD were diagnosed as young as 2 to 5 years old.† (VitalSigns, 2017) They, the CDC, also use babies and young children whichShow MoreRelatedAdhd Research Paper837 Words   |  4 PagesADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). ADHD is a neurological condition affecting brain development. MRI imaging has found â€Å"abnormal grey matter and cortical thickness associated with ADHD in frontal, temporal and cerebellar regions of the brain† (from the ADHD Institute). This diagnosis has been given to 11% of American school aged children between 4-17. This is nearly 6.4 million children. ( https://www.cdc.gov) This number is staggering but is this what is really affecting our childrenRead MoreResearch Paper on Adhd3517 Words   |  15 PagesRESEARCH PAPER ON ADHD Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral development disorder among children. In the United States there are at least 2 million grade school children that are diagnosed with the disorder (Dupper, 2003). ADHD is determined to be one of the most common development disorders in children (Barlow Durand, 2009). This paper will discuss the different aspects of ADHD, its symptoms, common traits, and the known treatments being used by cliniciansRead MoreResearch Papers On Adhd1645 Words   |  7 PagesDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Out of that eleven percent, approximately six present is actually taking medication, meaning about one out of every five children diagnosed are not taking any medication or receiving any mental health counseling. It is not one single test to diagnose ADHD in children and adults, nevertheless ADHD is diagnosed after a person has shown some or all ADHD symptoms regularly for no less than six months. Nearly 10 million adults have ADHD, yet countless adults are notRead MoreAdhd Research Paper858 Words   |  4 PagesSymptom improvements with proper diet in children with ADHD Does a healthy diet help improve symptoms in children with ADHD? There are several factors in this when it comes to diet. These factors include artificial food coloring, few foods diet, and vitamin intake. Researchers have done many studies with children who have ADHD to see if their symptoms improve. The first research article â€Å"Diet and ADHD, Reviewing the Evidence: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses of Double-Blind Placebo-ControlledRead MoreAdhd Research Paper783 Words   |  4 Pagesalso known as ADHD, has become a well-known disorder that our ears hear lightly and many don’t think twice about. Although, ADHD is presented in over 11,000,000 people that are living in the United States (Frank, 2017). ADHD is prevalent in both women and men of all various ages. Once one has this disorder, it stays with them forever. However, many therapists as well as psychologist believe that this disorder is over diagnosed and leads into false and inaccurate prescriptio ns. Due to ADHD being primarilyRead MoreResearch Paper On ADHD769 Words   |  4 PagesThis is because most children with ADHD do not have behavior problems at home. Children diagnosed with ADHD have a much better time at home due to the one on one interactions with parents and siblings. Once an ADHD child enters a classroom with eighteen to twenty other students, the ability to control themselves becomes impaired. I have worked with many children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactive disorder and am very educated on the diagnosis. ADHD is usually diagnosed in early childhoodRead MoreAdhd Research Paper740 Words   |  3 PagesAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD, is the lifespan neurodevelopment disorder, that symptomizes of inattentiveness, impulsiveness, forgetfulness, distractibility and hyperactivity and is highly heritable and this heritable disorder has been transition, or a process that events throughout the lifespan should not affected it, into adulthood (Swift, Sayal, Hollis, (2014); Ertekin, et. al.,). Often, adults with ADHD also experience a negative effect on socio-personal adaptationRead MoreAdhd Research Paper787 Words   |  4 PagesOver Diagnosis of ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD, has become a well-known disorder that our ears hear lightly and many don’t think twice about. Although, ADHD is presented in over 11,000,000 people that are living in the United States (Frank, 2017). ADHD is prevalent in both women and men of all various ages. Once one has this disorder, it stays with them forever. However, many therapists as well as psychologist believe that this disorder is over diagnosed andRead MoreADHD Research Paper948 Words   |  4 PagesADHD Treatment Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Ford-Martin, 2014) is a mental disorder involving brief to prolonged periods of hyperactivity and the inability to focus on tasks, causing the patient to become easily frustrated and unable to sit still. This inability to focus often negatively impacts the patient, frequently causing him/her to lose self-esteem and give up. This label instills a feeling of hopelessness when it comes to completing certain tasks that others are able to performRead MoreADHD Research Paper1417 Words   |  6 PagesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects school aged children with a high degree of inattention, excessive hyperactivity, impulsivity or a combination of any of these. In order for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, there must be two different environments in which the child has displayed his or her symptoms and it must occur before the child is twelve years of age (Halter, 2014). Children have a h igh comorbidity level with developmental, learning

Voluntary Reading Levels - 1092 Words

I began my research by looking at the National Center for Education Statistics home page, where among other topics of interest, I noticed a data snapshot that claimed 46% of fourth-graders read for fun on their own time almost every day in 2011 (National Center for Education Statistics, 2012, n. pag.), which seemed an alarmingly low proportion to me, if reading is generally considered linked to vocabulary acquisition and further educational attainment. More alarming still, I found that while the proportion of fourth-graders self-motivated reading has increased for some groups, it has fallen for others, and eighth-graders voluntary reading levels fell even further (National Center for Education Statistics, 2012). This indicated a trend in fourth- and eighth- graders reading habits over time, but also within the group readers from fourth to eighth grade as the individuals in the first cohort aged into the second cohort. If the 19 per cent of eighth-graders who read voluntarily were the same fourth-graders who read at 46 per cent levels four years ago, the result would indicate a decline in voluntary reading by more than half, over potentially the most important formative years for students future performance. I found multiple trends, across fourth-graders in successive rounds and longitudinally, as these readers aged into higher grades. Worse, voluntary reading was especially low for lower socio-economic groups and some racial categories. What could cause such aShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of Free Voluntary Reading1702 Words   |  7 PagesEffectiveness of Free Voluntary Reading Reading is fundamental to function in the society. It is important because it develops the mind. Reading develops language skills and comprehension needed to meet the demands of everyday life. In the U.S., there are 45 million people functionally illiterate and reads below 5th grade level (Literacy Project Foundation, n.d.). Books, magazines, comics, newspapers, and resources from the internet are reading outlets wherein they are required the capacity to readRead MoreReading Is Important For Studentssuccess1242 Words   |  5 PagesReading is fundamental to function in the society. It is important because it develops the mind. Reading develops language skills and comprehension needed to meet the demands of everyday life. In the U.S., there are 45 million people functionally illiterate and reads below 5th grade level (Literacy Project Foundation, n.d.). Books, magazines, comics, newspapers, and resources from the internet are reading outlets wherein they are required the capacity to read and comprehend the content. TeachersRead MoreSustained Silent Reading 785 Words   |  3 PagesSilent Reading According to Ivey and Fisher (2005), the use of Sustained Silent Reading has long been a practice in the United States. Lyman Hunt proposed an independent reading program in the 1960s, and it was implemented in many public schools in the 1970s (Jensen and Jensen 2002). Originally it was called Uninterrupted Sustained Silent Reading (USSR). He noticed that that when students were allowed to choose reading materials, which interested them, the students increased reading levels (Hunt 1997)Read MoreReading Strategy That Read Longer Texts For Global Understanding Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesExtensive reading is a reading strategy that read longer texts for global understanding. This study was assessed the culture of extensive readers and the difference between extensive and non extensive readers speaking fluency. Additionally, assessed that students who read extensively could speak fluently and the role of extensive in developing speaking skill was well assessed. The study was delimit ed on third year English language and literature student of Wolaita Sodo University. The researcherRead MoreCiti Informed Consent Sbe Quiz Answers Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch is voluntary, but if you choose to take part, you waive the right to legal redress for any research-related injuries. Correct Answer : Taking part in the research is voluntary, but if you choose to take part, you waive the right to legal redress for any research-related injuries. Comment : A statement in a consent form that says that subjects who agree to take part in the research waive their legal rights constitutes exculpatory language. Statements about the voluntary nature of consentRead MoreHow Free Independent Reading Can Successfully Impact Student Reading Achievement1587 Words   |  7 PagesAdd sleeping time into this mix, and the once popular leisure activity called reading ranks among most teenagers’ lowest priorities. In the high-tech, high-speed 21st century, reading proficiency is an essential tool to compete in today’s global marketplace. Yet numerous study results show a continual decline in students’ reading performance. The 2007 reading study by the National Endowment for the Arts noted that â€Å"reading has slipped to a mere eight minutes per day for 18-24-year-olds† (To Read orRead MoreThe Elementary Grade Math Course1078 Words   |  5 Pagesopted out of the Common Core Standards. For instance, Common Core experts note d that the eighth-grade math course is a much harder course than what was traditionally taught at that level. With Common Core implemented the students are learning concepts, like Algebra I, that are traditionally taught at the high school level. According to the NAEP (National Assessment of Education Progress) between 2013 and 2015 eighth graders enrollment in Algebra I decreased from 48 percent to 43 percent, while theRead MoreFrameworks In Greenwashing913 Words   |  4 Pagesclaiming their voluntary commitment to the international standards and frameworks for corporate sustainability – namely, the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)’s sustainability reporting guidelines (Klettner, Clarke Boersma 2014; Milne Gray 2013). According to Benn, Dunphy Griffiths’ (2014) sustainability phase model, this demonstrates a shift from compliance towards the efficiency phase. Amidst escalating claims of adherence to these volun tary standardsRead MoreEconomic And Social Conditions On The Health Of People And Communities Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesFrom the Lecture: 1. †¨Many health outcomes such as obesity, average life expectancy, the infant mortality are directly related to the inequality within a society. Poor health and poverty are directly related to each other as the poverty level increases the health outcomes worsens. Inequality causes. We all know that people who live in poorer countries live shorter lives and this is directly related to the inequality. Unequally access to the healthcare, food, housing, education. Job that does notRead More The Argument Against Nozicks Distributive Justice Essay example873 Words   |  4 Pagesreasons. Robert Nozick declares a transfer of holdings just if the exchange is voluntary and if the holding being exchanged was originally acquired by just means.2 The first key point of this argument that should be rejected is the fact that the grounds for a ‘just’ transfer of holdings relies solely on whether or not the exchange was voluntary by both parties. With this low standard of justice, it permits voluntary exchanges in which one party unknowingly, probably because of circumstances they

“Night” Point of View Essay Free Essays

David Wicks1-15-12 Mr. ChesnoffEnglish 10H P. O. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Night† Point of View Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now V #2 As the seemingly endless, grueling, painful run from camp to camp came to an end, we had to endure yet another horrible situation. Due to the excitement of arriving at our destination, we all packed into the barracks too quickly. People were being trampled and suffocated under the mad dash of the freezing bodies. I was one of the unlucky ones who had been pushed, shoved and fell and now was being crushed under the weight of the ice cold flesh. I surely would have been killed by the lack of air or under the immense amount of weight that was crushing my frail body. I stayed calm for a moment to collect my thoughts and then gathered up my strength to yell, ‘†You’re crushing me†¦ have mercy! ’ I thought, I’ve made it this far and I can’t die like this. Once more I mustered up the strength to exclaim, ‘you’re crushing me†¦ mercy, have mercy! ’†. To my surprise the body right on top of me answered my cries of help. It was Elie, the boy I remembered from my original work camp, he was the one who received 25 lashings. What a surprise to meet him here! I was surprised and a little delighted that someone I knew had made it this far. I explained to him how I was tired, and how my feet were swollen and hurt me because of the ice cold stiff ground we were forced to run on. In addition I told him I was worried that the weight of the people would break my violin and that I needed to find a way out. I had hid my violin under all of my garments while I ran and wherever I went to keep it safe. This violin was the only link left that I had with the outside world. I needed to keep it safe at all costs. I managed to slip away from the cluster of bodies and found an empty part of the room where I pulled out my bow and brushed off my violin of all the dirt and snow. I took a moment to observe what the Germans had broken us down to. I can only describe it as lifeless skeletons, who live only to see their next ration. The sight was too much for me to bear. I thought of the most moving and inspirational piece that I knew and I began to play parts of a Beethoven concerto. I knew my ultimate fate yet I continued to play. As things calmed down, I had noticed that my music had put many to sleep including Elie. I played for about ten minutes until I had finished my piece, that’s when the guards came for me. With club in hand I was held back as I watched my violin get smashed, crushed and turned to nothing. I had just witnessed my last true happiness, my last connection to the world outside these gates, outside these restraints. I opened death with open arms because I knew that though they could kill my body, they could never kill my legacy. How to cite â€Å"Night† Point of View Essay, Essay examples

Market Demand Theory and Empirical Evidence

Question: Discuss about the Market Demand for Theory and Empirical Evidence. Answer: Introduction: The study is conducted is about the oil and gas market of Australia. The factors affecting the supply and demand of the oil and gas has been given the due considerations in the analysis. Those factors are considered the vital tool in the analysis of the micro economic theory of the supply and demand. Demand refers to the quantity demanded for the desired goods and service purchased by the buyers at the given level of price (Akinci, Akinci and Yilmaz2013). Supply on the other hand is the willingness of the producer to supply the oil and gas at the specific price. The discussion is about the factors influencing the supply and demand of oil in Australia. The eastern region of Australian gas market is conclusively linked with the international gas market. The LNG market is Australia has been facing with the supply of natural resources in the surplus amount, which is creating a great degree of uncertainty. The domestic price of oil and gas is determined by the various factors such as the cost associated with the supplying of the products, short run net backs and competition. It is considered essential to make the investment in the production capacity and the new supply to provides the support in the eastern region of the Australian industry (Azrieli 2014). Demand for crude oil is on the rise and it is forecasted that demand will keep on increasing in the near future in spite of the rise in price. The reason behind the upward surge in consumer demand for petroleum product is due to the annual rise in demand and non-availability of the low-priced substitutes. Both the consumers and business firms are likely to be acting in their own inte rest. Discussion: The demand and supply of oil and gas in Australia is influenced by the several factors. The factors to be considered are the price of substitutes, ongoing price, price of related commodities, earning of the consumers and taste and preferences pattern of the consumers. However, these are micro economic factors. The supply and demand also is influenced by the macro economic factors such as the population and GDP of the country. On the other hand, the supply of the product is mainly influenced by the production cost, cost of the factor of production, future price anticipation. The analysis of the mechanism of the demand and supply is conducted in a detailed way before the consideration of the supply and demand of oil and gas in the industry of oil and gas in Australia. Australia is well known for the different kind of resources such as mining resources, natural resources and agricultural resources and the supply and demand of these resources is considered identical (Francis 2014). There is circumstances of noteworthy differences amid the two elements with prevailing situations of exogenous aspects of the economy. These exogenous economic factors establishes during the analysis provides different types of result for both oil and gas. For example, by considering the illustrations of Eastern regions of Australias oil and gas market there is prevalent circumstances of asymmetrical options in the theory of demand and supply. Since there was low pressure concerning international market in the year 1990, the demand of the natural gas of Australia was not high (Nelson 2013). Prior to that, the supply and demand of the natural oil and gas in the Eastern Australia witnessed an increase in light of huge development in the large exportation of the oil and gas of the Australian market. The instance of the brown sugar field can be considered here which gave the evidence of the fact that there was incomplete availability of the LNG from the gas field in the Australian market. However, the fall in supply was mainly due to the external factors. The LNG exportation received all the gas produced from the oil field in Australia during the period of twelve years. There was no shortage in the demand zone of oil and gas and the supply of reserves of the Australian eastern region was met with enough supply of gas. The production stage would be changed due to the driver of the domestic price. This is because it is forecasted that there is no connection between the net back price of LNG and the domestic price of gas. The quantity demanded of the product is influenced by the macro economic factors affecting its demand and supply. This will lead to shift in the demand curve (Rios, McConnell and Brue 2013). There is a shift in the demand curve due to the factor other than price. Alternatively, if the factor leads to decrease in demand then the demand curve will shift to right side. Factors such as disposable income, price of alternatives, fluctuations of interest rate and growing populations is the most important element demand and supply. The natural resource consumption would unsurprisingly increase due to the increasing population, which significantly influences the consumption. Only a limited number of substitute product will be used and the major reason behind the downward sloping of demand curve is when cost of natural resources increases. The consumption of the natural resources is predicted to increase compelling the consumers to look for substitutes such as oil and coal (Li and Yang 2016). The demand is projected to decrease as the substitutes are available cheaply and ultimately shifting the demand curve. As the substitute product are cheaper it is projected that demand will dip and ultimately leading to shift in demand curve since consumers have shifted to cheaper source for energy consumption. Conclusion: The supply and demand of the oil and gas depends upon the endogenous and exogenous factors. The price is not the only factor affecting the demand and supply. Several treasures have laid down that Australia has been experiencing constant growth in economy for the last 25 years. The economic reforms, however needs some activities and real investment to occur as the greater degree of economic reforms requires it. Therefore, it is worth mentioning that new exports in the gas market have significantly increased economic trend of Australia. Reference list: Akinci, G.Y., Akinci, M. and Yilmaz, ., 2013. Demand following or supply leading? A panel data analysis for developed, developing, and less developed countries.METU Studies in Development,40(3), p.553. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2016).Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au [Accessed 12 Dec. 2016]. Azrieli, Y., 2014. Comment on The Law of Large Demand for Information.Econometrica,82(1), pp.415-423. Commpap.com. (2016).Home. Available at: https://www.commpap.com/ [Accessed 12 Dec. 2016]. Francis, M.C., 2014. Theory of Demand and Supply. Hildenbrand, W., 2014.Market demand: Theory and empirical evidence. Princeton University Press. Industry.gov.au. (2016).Department of Industry, Innovation and Science. Available at: https://industry.gov.au/ [Accessed 12 Dec. 2016]. Kaul, R. and Chowdhury, S.R., 2014. Demand analysis. Li, Y.C. and Yang, H., 2016. A mathematical model of demand-supply dynamics with collectability and saturation factors.arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.06720. Nelson, R.R., 2013. Demand, supply, and their interaction on markets, as seen from the perspective of evolutionary economic theory.Journal of Evolutionary Economics,23(1), pp.17-38. Rios, M.C., McConnell, C.R. and Brue, S.L., 2013.Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill.

Gratitude and Relationship Satisfaction Essay Example For Students

Gratitude and Relationship Satisfaction Essay Gratitude is omnipresent in society. People express gratitude in the form of gifts, favors, support and assistance. Empirical literature on the emotion has shown gratitude to promote feelings of contentment (Walker Pitts, 1998) hope, happiness, and pride (Overwalle, Mervielde, De Schuyter, 1995). However, what about relationship satisfaction? Specifically, can expressing gratitude verbally enhance perceived relationship satisfaction in close relationships? Gratitude has been referred to as â€Å"the moral memory of mankind,† and if suddenly eliminated, â€Å"society would break apart† (Simmel, 1950, p. 388). Vast literature on gratitude has defined and explored its contours, and extensive research documents main effects. Majority of initial research focused on advantages of gratitude expression, that include emotional and interpersonal benefits. One particular study investigated the effects of a â€Å"grateful outlook† on life. Specifically, counting ones â€Å"blessings† rather than â€Å"burdens† was reported to enhance well-being (Emmons McCullough, 2003). A growing interest in the involvement of partners shifted the focus of research on real, ongoing relationships. Specifically, research aimed to identify the role appreciation played in relationships, and locate the link connecting gratitude with relationship maintenance. In a recent study, Algoe et al. (2008) examined naturally occurring gratitude in college sororities, during a week of gift-giving. The study suggests gratitude to not only promote relationship formation, but also predict future relationship outcomes. The act of gratitude involves both a donor (giver of appreciation) and recipient (beneficiary of appreciation). With a newly documented association between gratitude . . e of college freshman. Cognition and Emotion, 9, 59-85. Pruyser, P.W. (1976). The minister as diagnostician: Personal problems in pastoral perspective. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. Saad, G. Gill, T. (2003). An evolutionary psychology perspective on gift-giving among young adults. Psychology Marketing, 20, 765-784. Simmel, G. (1950). The sociology of Georg Simmel. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. Simon, R. W. , Nath, L. E. (2004). Gender and emotion in the United States: Do men and women differ in self reports of feelings or expressive behavior? American Journal of Sociology, 109, 1137-1176. Tesser, A., Gatewood, R. , Driver, M. (1968). Some determinants of gratitude. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 233-236. Walker, L.J. , Pitts, R.C. (1998). Naturalistic conceptions of moral maturity. Developmental Psychology, 34, 403-419.

Methodologies and multicultural research in multicultural sensitivity

Multicultural competence in student affairs is an exclusive resource that guides professionals in the field of student affairs so that they are able to develop a model that incorporates all multicultural subjects. However, multiculturalism is a wide field therefore; gathering for all these issues is a challenging task to the education professionals.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Methodologies and multicultural research in multicultural sensitivity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Programs and policies have been developed to address issues of multiculturalism. Issues of race, class, religion, gender, age and abilities have been given priority. It is an obligation of student affairs professionals to address multicultural issues in institutions of higher education. Student affairs professionals have been in the forefront of the quest to create more welcoming and affirming campus environments and have always a ddressed issues of alienation and hostility in the campuses (Pope, Reynolds Mueller, 2004). Most higher education institutions have neglected the need to address the issue of lesbianism and bisexual students. Diverse array of student clubs and organizations have been initiated to address multicultural issues in most universities. However, they have not achieved the objective of addressing the issue of lesbianism. Lesbians, gay and bisexual people are always discriminated and harassed especially in the learning institutions. This oppresses them in every aspect of their life. It is therefore the responsibility of student affairs professionals to set up policies which help them to live their aspired life. This issue has never been given a preference by most institutions, yet it poses an overwhelming danger on the operation of learning institutions. Programs and policies have to be set up which addresses this issue in totality. One of the projects that can be employed to curb the pande mic posed by lesbianism and bisexualism is the use of programs for sexual minority students. The program helps in recognizing the sexual minority students in institutions of higher education. Initialization of such programs helps in the organization of educational workshops, sensitivity counseling and provision of accurate information to lesbian students (Henning-Stout, James Macintosh, 2000). The use of support groups is also a remedy to the glitch. Support groups help in the improvement of self esteem and the provision of assertion to students affected by stigmatization. Support groups have counselors who are experienced in dealing with social issues. They can decide to provide counseling service to students having issues of sexual orientation or refer them to outside agencies if need arises. Sexual minority as a multicultural issue can also be addressed by formulation of policies that help in protecting the sexual minority group. Examples of such policies include the no name pol icy and no discrimination policy (Henning-Stout, James Macintosh, 2000).Advertising Looking for case study on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To enhance the effectiveness of such policies, offices should be initiated where the accounts of discrimination and pestering can be handled. These offices will also help in the provision of support services and information to minority sex groups. Staff training should also be conducted in the institution so that it will increase their awareness on how handle cases of multiculturalism among staff. An umbrella commission should also be formed to furnish advices to all other bodies addressing issues of sexual minority. The function of the commission is to monitor all other activities pertaining lesbianism. They can also help in proposing ideas and projects that strengthens educational programs relating to lesbian and bisexuals issues. In addition to this, the commission will he lp in providing advices to the board of the institution on the recommended legislation influencing the sexual minority groups. References Henning-Stout, M., James, S. Macintosh, S. (2000). Reducing Harassment of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth in schools: School Psychology Review 2000, Vol.29, No.2, pp.180-191. Pope, R., Reynolds, A., Mueller, J. (2004). Multicultural competence in student affairs (pp. 98-162). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Print. This case study on Methodologies and multicultural research in multicultural sensitivity was written and submitted by user Finnegan Gallegos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on New York Times 1914

The New York Times of 1914 resembles the newspapers of today on face value. Also, the articles within paint a picture of American society that is not far off from today’s America. Of course, the specifics of the articles reflect the times. In the September 27, 1914 New York Times, Americans focused on the War in Europe, domestic issues, and were exposed to a variety of advertisements. The war between the Central and Allied powers in Europe dominate the headlines. The front page consists of stories about sunken British cruisers, French accusations directed toward its enemies, and German victory claims. It seems Americans felt an overwhelming need to be updated on the war overseas. Granted, I’m sure they were exceedingly grateful not to be apart of the actual fighting at this time. A featured article related to the war in Europe is one that contains the writings of former President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt. This weekly article titled, â€Å"What America Should Learn from the War†, he gives his thoughts on the situation in Europe and America’s position on such matters. The statement that this will be â€Å"the last great war† he remarks is ridiculous. Roosevelt points out that this has always been said at the end of every large war. Also, he argues that the pacifists of this country that think treaties and agreements will save the United States from war are completely wrong. A great need for the United States to defend itself is a big issue in his article. Roosevelt worries that if steps are not taken to secure the United States, it will fall victim in this war like so many other countries. The United States seems to give weight to each country involved in the war. Articles feature all sides of the conflict without leaning toward one side or the other. A pro-German article is featured entitled, â€Å"Germany’s Cause Righteous, Says Prof. Rudolf Eucken. Eucken tells of Germany’s fight as being on... Free Essays on New York Times 1914 Free Essays on New York Times 1914 The New York Times of 1914 resembles the newspapers of today on face value. Also, the articles within paint a picture of American society that is not far off from today’s America. Of course, the specifics of the articles reflect the times. In the September 27, 1914 New York Times, Americans focused on the War in Europe, domestic issues, and were exposed to a variety of advertisements. The war between the Central and Allied powers in Europe dominate the headlines. The front page consists of stories about sunken British cruisers, French accusations directed toward its enemies, and German victory claims. It seems Americans felt an overwhelming need to be updated on the war overseas. Granted, I’m sure they were exceedingly grateful not to be apart of the actual fighting at this time. A featured article related to the war in Europe is one that contains the writings of former President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt. This weekly article titled, â€Å"What America Should Learn from the War†, he gives his thoughts on the situation in Europe and America’s position on such matters. The statement that this will be â€Å"the last great war† he remarks is ridiculous. Roosevelt points out that this has always been said at the end of every large war. Also, he argues that the pacifists of this country that think treaties and agreements will save the United States from war are completely wrong. A great need for the United States to defend itself is a big issue in his article. Roosevelt worries that if steps are not taken to secure the United States, it will fall victim in this war like so many other countries. The United States seems to give weight to each country involved in the war. Articles feature all sides of the conflict without leaning toward one side or the other. A pro-German article is featured entitled, â€Å"Germany’s Cause Righteous, Says Prof. Rudolf Eucken. Eucken tells of Germany’s fight as being on...

Canadian public economics policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Canadian public economics policy - Essay Example Government spending has been used to determine the size of a government because it constitutes a large part of GDP, such that increasing it will effectively increase GDP. Furthermore, because government spending increases inflation as a result of increased money supply; increases deficits by choosing not to increase revenues vis--vis spending; and increases debts by choosing to borrow funds to finance spending, it makes a logical measure of the size of government. While this observation is theoretically sound, the actual effect of government spending is inconsistent. First, with regard to tax breaks and subsidies, because of its varying effects on the behaviour of businesses, the effect of government spending varies as well. For example, Canada's Five Year $100 billion Tax Reduction Plan should lead to a decrease in the size of government. However, because it makes Canada's business climate more competitive, it may induce corporations and business owners to move operations to, or increase operations in Canada, leading to an increase in the size of government instead. Second, it will also have varying effects on other components of GDP. ... as pensions and loan guarantees that are not always accounted for, but nonetheless exists, government spending is rendered an unreliable measure of the size of government.(375 words) Question 2 A debt management policy utilizing government bonds indexed to inflation is one way governments illustrate credibility in fighting inflation by intentionally removing incentives to inflate. In this respect, the Canadian government is committed to fighting inflation because as part of its debt management policy, it issues security bonds, indexed to the country consumer price index (CPI). A government's credibility in fighting inflation through indexed bonds can be illustrated through the differences between conventional and indexed bonds. With regard to the use of conventional bonds, a government debt's real value decreases in accordance to increases in inflation because as borrower, it will only have to pay a particular amount, based on nominal terms, regardless of changes in a currency's purchasing power caused by inflation. Since government financing through bonds indicate an implied obligation to pay in the future, conventional, nominal bonds eventually decreases in real value as the purchasing power decreases through yearly inflation. While these risks can be reduced through setting nominal interest rates that forecast possible increases in inflation, they are not secured from its unexpected sharp rises or declines. Thus, if inflation increases sharply, governments will require fewer resources to pay for its bonds transferring the loss in real value to the bond holder. Contrary to conventional bonds, indexed bonds, by linking their nominal terms to inflation specifies a more stable value for bondholders because the burden caused by inflation is placed on the

Lynn Tilton's Leadership Helps Turn Around Failing Companies Case Study

Lynn Tilton's Leadership Helps Turn Around Failing Companies - Case Study Example When it comes to her biophysical traits, Tilton maintains high energy level. To illustrate, Tilton usually walks down the manufacturing line and interacts with factory workers to ensure that everything is going fine. Finally, Tilton possesses a set of better personality traits such as self-confidence and self-efficacy when she lacks traits like self-regulating and sociability. 2. While analyzing the given case study, it is obvious that different positive and negative leadership traits and styles are displayed by Tilton. One of the major positive leadership traits of Tilton is that she is fair in her dealings, and has no favoritism. In addition, Tilton has deep understanding of the manufacturing processes and job activities. To illustrate, the case study makes it clear that Tilton has gained a detailed knowledge of metal alloys and machine-tools when she worked with MD Helicopter plant (470). Open and effective communication is another positive leadership trait expressed by Tilton. The case writer tells that Tilton quickly mingled with factory workers with her earthy jokes. The case study reflects that honesty is also a positive leadership behavior of Tilton (470). However, it is identified that Tilton is selfish and close minded. Throughout the case scenario, the author reflects that Tilton’s operations and decisions are self-centered, and she is not open to suggestion. Tilton’s vindictive behavior can be highlighted as a negative leadership trait. For instance, Tilton harshly replied to Ford Motor Company’s purchasing chief Tony Brown when he criticized Tilton’s operational approach (469). Tough personality is another negative leadership trait of Tilton, and this issue leads to high employee churn at Patriarch, according to the case study. 3. Managers often follow situational approaches toward leadership to obtain better outcomes, because situational leadership theories state that use of

Evaluating 74th Constitutional Amendment Act

Evaluating 74th Constitutional Amendment Act Two sides of the same coin: Evaluating 74th Constitutional Amendment Act Abstract: To strengthen the position of urban governance in a more organized manner, the government of India took a pivotal initiative through the enactment of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act. In this paper I attempt to analyse the role of 74th constitutional amendment in increasing the functionality, authority and efficiency of the urban local bodies, in terms of the powers rendered to the urban local bodies under the 74th constitutional amendment. I attempt to analyse the effective and efficient implementation of the 74th constitutional amendment by including a small case study of urban governance in the city of Chandigarh, Punjab. Introduction: The system of local service delivery through the means of local government bodies began with a Budget Speech by a member of viceroy’s council Samuel Laing, he proposed that local services should be based on local resources. Local governance bodies have been a part of Indian governance system since the British Era, the first Municipal Corporation was set up in Madras in 1688 followed by Bombay and Calcutta. In the beginning local governance bodies were mere implementation instrument of state government’s activities but since the introduction of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, there has been a change in this status quo. Since the early 1990s there has been a lot of initiative undertaken by the Government of India which were aimed at decentralisation of urban governance, this was the part of adoption of neo-liberal policies adopted by the government after facing failure of the state-led development model, as for under this model the government kept its role secondary giving more importance to market oriented approaches. Under this step taken by the Government of India enactment of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, was one such initiative, this gave constitutional recognition to urban local bodies and a constitutional right to exist. AnewTwelfthScheduletotheConstitutionprovidesrecommendedlistoflocalfunctions. Under the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, it requires the state governments of all the states to amend their respective municipal laws so as to increase the powers and authority of the urban local bodies, as quoting the line for the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act â€Å"withsuchpowersandauthorityasmaybenecessarytoenablethemtofunctionasinstitutionsofselfgovernance†. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act provides a base to the state the ability to transfer certain responsibility and authority to the urban local bodies i.e. municipalities in order to provide a strong base for municipal local governance in cities, in this regard several state government has amended their state legislature in the same regard. Under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, it is mandatory to undertake the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act and implement in the respective state legislatures. It is under the article 243ZE of the constitution which requires all the state governments to review the existing municipal laws and either repeal or modify those which are inconsistent with the provision of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act within one year from the commencement of the Act.[1] 74th Constitutional Amendment Act in a nutshell: Features and Issues Features of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act 74th Constitutional Amendment has been constituted in congruence with the idea of new public management. Under this concept the major role the state play is of withdrawing itself from directly influencing the market activities and let demand and supply correct the course of market. One of the features of this concept is that the government breaks down the huge monolithic government beaurcracies, which refers to heavy decentralisation of responsibilities and authorities. According to my understanding the enactment of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act is very much influenced by this characteristic of new public management. Before the enactment of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act the role of urban local bodies was merely of implementation of activities undertaken by state and national government. Constitutional status has been granted to the urban local bodies under the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, under which a three tier structure of the urban local bodies has been envisaged. Formation of Municipal Corporation for larger area with higher populations the example of this can be Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, and creation of municipal councils for smaller areas which includes towns like Upleta in Gujarat, and creation of village panchayats for villages that are in transitions to become towns. Under this amendment the governing members of the municipal corporation are being elected by the people through an election in a similar way in which the members of the lok sabha are elected, the election is conducted, managed and regulated by the state election commission. This indicates that the democracy has established deep roots in the political system of the country. Under article 243Y, it makes it mandatory for every state to establish a state finance commission as it is defined by article 243I. The function of the state finance commission is advising the Governor of the state regarding the distribution of funds between state and municipalities which also includes the revenue generated from tolls, taxes and duties. The state finance commission also acts as a auditing organisation which scrutinises the employment of the finances to the urban local bodies. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act in its article 243ZD and 243ZE makes it mandatory to form committee for district planning in each district and committee for metropolitan planning in every metropolitan area. These committees endeavour to provide newer dimension for the role of citizens and its elected representatives in preparation of plans for their respective regions, infrastructure plan being it most important component. It is sometimes that cities in the same districts share certain natural resources or problems like allocation of water, waste management which might create overlapping situations; it is the function of committee for district planning to cater to such scenarios. Whereas committee for metropolitan planning caters to the increasing infrastructure and amenities demand in metropolitan cities due to expansion of its boundaries or population. Under this act the urban local bodies are endowed with responsibilities for formulation and implementation of schemes for economic and social development, the subjects for the same have been specified under the 12th schedule i.e. article 243W. Issues in the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act The enactment of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act marks a transformation in the role of urban local governing bodies in terms of the urban governing bodies being constitutionalised and substantial authorities being granted to them under the act regarding decision making to acquiring finance, but still certain questions remained unanswered. The first issue in implementation of the act is the identification and demarcation rural and urban areas. In states like Gujarat, West Bengal, Kerala, approximately two third of towns are non-municipal towns.[2] Even though these towns in these states have higher prevalence of non-agricultural activities these town are not recognised as cities and are still under the status of villages, this is because under the status of villages the state government can sanction grant for implementation of projects for rural development like MNREGA, NREGA etc. while on the other hand if these area are classified as cites the states would not be able to sanction money for such developmental activities from the government and the state itself will be responsible to provide grants for further infrastructure development in these newly formed cities. The implication of this is that the local bodies lose out on better sources of finance. Therefore due to the vested interest of the members of the politica l structure of the state barriers are created in the implementation of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act makes the urban local bodies responsible not only for mere implementation of the state directives, but also makes them responsible for carrying out activities for social and economic development under 18 subject mentioned under schedule 12 i.e. article 243W, but the act does not make it clear how the three tier bodies i.e. municipal corporations, municipal councils and nagar panchayats will work in synchrony in order to accomplish this tasks. The act leaves it to the discretion of the state to work out the arrangement in this regard. One of the objectives of enacting 74th Constitutional Amendment Act was increasing people and private participation in urban planning, but due to public and private organisations being suspicious about the functioning of the urban local bodies, there has been no significant change in this regard. Case Study: Implementation of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act in Chandigarh I have adopted the following case study from an article by Deepak Sharma titled as: An Evaluation of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act: A Case Study of Chandigarh, India Background Chandigarh is a union territory and a joint capital of the state of Punjab and Haryana. With around 9, 00,000 population it is one of the fastest growing city. The municipal corporation of Chandigarh was formed in 1994 and its jurisdictional area is around 79.34 kms. The municipal corporation of Chandigarh came into being after passing of Punjab Municipal Corporation Law ordinance, 1994 under the Punjab Municipal Corporation Act, 1976. The functioning of the Chandigarh Municipal Corporation is done by formation of various committees that are allocated with different task for the governance of the city. The example committees under the Chandigarh municipal corporation are as follows: Water Supply and Sewerage Committee Roads Committee Slum Development Committee Fire Services Committee Environment City Beautification Committee House Tax Committee Finance Committee Contract Committee Report of findings Under the74th Constitutional Amendment Act, the urban local bodies is also been charged with activities of social and economic development for the empowerment of the citizen of the particular cities, but in Chandigarh there has been incongruence with the mandates of the act, where the Chandigarh Municipal Corporation has been partially endowed with such responsibility education and health and the Chandigarh administration maintains a monopoly, this lead to overlapping functions, and it is conceptually against what has been mandated in the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. As per the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, the members of the urban local bodies have to be elected by the people of the city, this what has been implemented in the Chandigarh Municipal Corporation as well, but as the members of the municipal board belong to different political parties, there has been difference of opinion regarding decision making and implementation of project, which in turn delays or either sabotages the developmental or infrastructural initiative by the Chandigarh municipal corporation at times, here there has not been a failure of the act, but this is because of different political parties acting as per their own vested interest. The municipal corporation in Chandigarh faces issue of funds accumulation because of two reasons. The first being that the funding grants are in the hands of Chandigarh administration which at times end up either blocking or delaying transfer of funds to the Chandigarh municipal corporation and the second being the inefficient state finance commission. Even if the funds are being allocated only a small fraction is employed in implementation of project as due to the layer of political agents that end up utilising funds from their own purposes. As mentioned above that the Chandigarh municipal corporation has been facing dearth of funds, one of the reason is that the municipal corporation has failed to recover tax arrears, majorly these tax arrears has been because there has been defaulters amongst liquor vendors and water tariffs. Thus this implies 1) there is an improper record system in the Chandigarh municipal corporation leading to arrears as large as $112,375,000[3], 2) extensive corruption. Conclusion: From the information about the enactment, features, flaws of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, and by presenting the case study of Chandigarh Municipal Corporation, I finally conclude that the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act is apt in its spirit of empowerment and decentralisation of function and responsibilities to the urban local bodies, but there lies an issue with the effective implementation of the act. In this regard the blame can be given to the still existing beauracratic structure of governance in India leading to rent seeking and red-tapping, but along with this there has been lack of awareness and motivation amongst the public which are an equal part of the governance system. Appendix: References [1] Article: Implementation of the 74th Constitutional Amendment and Integration of city planning and delivery functions. [2] Adopted from article: Features of 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment [3] Figure adopted from Article: Evaluation of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act: A Case Study of Chandigarh, India by Deepak Sharma